As summer arrives, skin that hasn’t seen much sunlight may react poorly to its sudden exposure. Sunburn and irritation—commonly mistaken for "sun allergies"—are frequent complaints as we transition into warmer months. But what’s really happening to your skin? And how can you care for it effectively? Let’s explore the causes and solutions for these sun-related skin issues.
Understanding Sun Allergies and Related Conditions
The term “sun allergy” is often used as a catch-all for various skin reactions triggered by sunlight. However, these conditions can vary greatly in their causes and effects. Here's a breakdown:
Solar Dermatitis (Sunburn)
The most familiar UV-induced skin condition, sunburn (dermatitis solaris), is an inflammatory reaction caused by overexposure to UV rays. Symptoms usually develop 4-8 hours after sun exposure, peaking around 12-24 hours later. This delayed response occurs because UV rays trigger an inflammatory reaction before visible damage appears.
Even skin that doesn’t look burned can suffer harm from UV rays, making consistent sun protection essential.
Polymorphic Light Eruption (PMLE)
PMLE, the most common sun-induced skin condition, affects 10-20% of particularly light-skinned women and children. It manifests as itchy rashes, hives, or blisters on sun-exposed areas a few hours or days after exposure. While its exact cause is unclear, a genetic predisposition and immune system responses are likely involved.
Mallorca Acne
Unlike PMLE, Mallorca acne results from an intolerance to the combination of sunlight and certain skincare ingredients, such as emulsifiers and fats. This condition causes red spots, papules, and severe itching, typically on the face, shoulders, and décolleté. Avoiding incompatible products and using light, gel-based sunscreens can help prevent these outbreaks.
Phototoxic and Photoallergic Reactions
Some medications, such as antibiotics, diuretics, or antipsychotics, can cause sun sensitivity, leading to phototoxic or photoallergic reactions. These reactions resemble severe sunburns, with redness, burning, and sometimes blistering. Always consult a doctor about medication-induced sun sensitivity, especially before travelling.
Prevention: Your Best Defense Against Sun Damage
The foundation of healthy skin in summer is consistent and effective sun protection.
Choose the right sunscreen: Use high-SPF products daily, especially if you’re prone to conditions like PMLE. Look for light, gel-like formulas that won’t clog pores or irritate sensitive skin.
Evaluate product quality: A sunscreen’s RPF (Radical Protection Factor) can help determine its suitability for conditions like Mallorca acne—the lower the RPF, the better.
Treatment: Cooling, Soothing, and Repairing
When skin does react to the sun, the right care can speed up healing and reduce discomfort. Here's how to treat and protect damaged skin:
Cooling Apply chilled products to calm inflamed skin (avoid ice or ice water). Aloe vera gel is a great option, offering hydration, inflammation reduction, and collagen support. Store it in the refrigerator for extra relief.
Soothing Panthenol (provitamin B5) is another excellent choice, as it boosts moisture retention, reduces inflammation, and promotes skin regeneration.
Cell Protection Ingredients like Palmitamide MEA and sea buckthorn pulp oil can reduce inflammation, support cell repair, and encourage healthy skin regeneration.
Beyond Prevention: Secondary Protection
Once you’ve treated the immediate symptoms, focus on supporting the skin’s recovery with:
Hydration: Keep the skin moisturized to restore balance and minimize dryness.
Anti-inflammatory care: Use products with soothing ingredients to calm redness and irritation.
Rebuilding skin structure: Incorporate antioxidants and cell-repairing ingredients to strengthen the skin’s barrier.
The Bigger Picture: Long-Term Benefits of Sun Care
Daily sunscreen application does more than prevent immediate damage—it’s a crucial step in protecting against skin cancer and premature aging. Adopting these practices ensures your skin stays healthy, radiant, and resilient, even under the summer sun.
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